Martha Freud (Bernays), wife of Sigmund Freud (1861 -- 1951) | NCP-LA

Martha Bernays was raised in an observant Orthodox Jewish family. Her grandfather, Isaac Bernays, was the chief Rabbi of Hamburg and a distant relative of German Romantic poet  Heinrich Heine and whom Heine frequently mentioned in letters. Isaac's son Michael Bernays, Martha's uncle , converted to Christianity at an early age and was professor of German at the Univiersity of Munich.

The Freud family were more liberal Jews and Freud in particular had no time for ritual observances.